Comparative Investigation of the Nutritional Profiling and Antipyretic Activity of <scp><i>Moringa oleifera</i></scp> Leaves, Bark, and Root From Different Sites of Punjab, Pakistan

The utilization of various <i>Moringa oleifera</i> plant sections as a medicinal and nutritional source for humans and animals has been the subject of significant research in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional profiling through proximate analysis and the antipyretic activity of <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves, bark, and root in methanolic extract from different sites of Punjab, Pakistan. Methanolic extract of leaves, bark, and root from sites i to e of Southern Punjab, Central Punjab, and Northwest Punjab as S1, S2, and S3, respectively, at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg bw showed statistically significant results as compared to the positive and negative controls. The S1 leaves showed marvelous proximate compositions and antipyretic activity as a result of significantly lowering temperature as compared to the other methanolic leaves, bark, and root extracts of <i>M. oleifera</i> plant sample collected from other sites. The antipyretic activity of <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves, bark, and root was investigated using the standard reference drug paracetamol (200 mg/kg). The antipyretic activity was evaluated using baker's yeast-induced pyrexia. Obtained data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test and <i>p <</i> 0.05 was considered significant. The study showed that the methanolic extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves possesses highest antipyretic activities as compared to bark and root which justifies its use as nutritional and traditional medicine in the treatment of fever.