FACTORS INFLUENCING AND CONTROL STRATEGIES AGAINST LUMPY SKIN DISEASE THROUGH VACCINATIONS ON BOVINE

This scoping research study was conducted on the epidemiological deadliest lumpy skin disease, caused by encapsulated host-specific vector-borne double stranded DNA, brick-shaped Capripox virus. Different vaccines and control strategies were employed on cross breed and local breed cattle species against LSDV in the district, Khairpur Mirs during 2023. The outcome of this study revealed that the maximum infection was noted in cross bread at (79.19) as compared to herd gathering factors (71.50) followed by grazing period factor (62.14), transportation (48.00), chordata animals (13.25), and nib of injection (09.13). As a precautionary treatment, lumpy VAC, lumpy VAX, LSD-dolvit vaccine, and neem oil were used against LSD in (n=365) normal cattle. Similarly, vaccines namely; dectron, ketoject, teragen, and pencilline+dettol were used in (n=361) cattle containing signs and symptoms of LSD. The main LSD causative agents are mosquitoes, houseflies, and ticks, transmitting germs from infected to healthy cattle breeds. In conjunction with the LSD threats, epidemiological studies, isolation, identification, etiology, transmission, diagnosis, proper disposal, and cleaning, are all the control measures. Among them mass vaccination is the administrative approach, and the optimal way can give valuable insight to limit this fast-spreading viral disease. The lumpy VAC and dectron proved to be the best control hence, recommended. These vaccines should be done at the proper dose, time, and schedule for future disease mitigation and management. This study would increase the understanding of livestock owners, field vaccinators, and livestock regulators to deal with this contagious infection at different stages of bovine.