Structural and functional organization of leaves and cellular metabolism of the hybridogenic taxon Echinops saksonovii (Asteraceae, Asterales) compared with the parental species

Hybridization is an important component of plant evolution and speciation. Interspecific and intraspecific crossings may lead to changes in the genome, thereby affecting the morphology, adaptation, growth and development of new plant species. The hybridogenic species Echinops saksonovii Vasjukov originates from the introgressive hybridization of E. ruthenicus M. Bieb. and E. sphaerocephalus L. At the morphological level, E. saksonovii differed from its parent species in smaller linear dimensions of the leaves and a longer length of the stomata. The content of green pigments and carotenoids in the leaves of the hybridogenic species was 2.0 and 2.5 times higher, respectively. However, in terms of the ratio of pigments, E. saksonovii is closer to its parent species E. ruthenicus . An increased content of lipids responsible for the formation of thylakoid and non-plastid membranes was found in the lipid complex of E. saksonovii . Among secondary compounds, E. saksonovii leaves accumulated more flavonoids and proline. In terms of the quantitative content of phenolic compounds and peroxidation products, E. saksonovii is closer to its parent shade-tolerant species E. sphaerocephalus . Thus, some features of the structural and functional organization and cellular metabolism in the leaves of the hybridogenic species E. saksonovii in comparison with its parent species have been revealed, which may contribute to better adaptability and viability of E. saksonovii and, as a consequence, to greater competitiveness.