Experimental Equivalence Checking of Quantum Circuits by Nonlocality
The quantum circuit model is the most widely used theoretical model for quantum computing. Therefore, determining whether two quantum circuits whose internal structures cannot be seen have the same functionality will be a fundamental problem in future quantum industries, which however turns out to be QMA-hard. Here, based on a photonic system we experimentally implement the equivalence checking of two unknown quantum circuits with real unitary matrix representations, where quantum nonlocality plays a key role and allows us to measure an "average-case" distance between the two quantum circuits very efficiently. Particularly, we also experimentally apply such protocols to verify the correctness of quantum circuit optimizations, which is another crucial topic in future quantum industries. Our work constitutes a proof of concept for the equivalence checking of quantum circuits without relying on their detailed structures.
Authors
- Chuan‐Feng Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-8929)
- Zhaohui Wei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-1082)
- Bi‐Heng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-7716)
- Guang‐Can Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-9185)
- Weixiao Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-5674)
- Yong‐Jian Han (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-6440)
- Yu Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-7343)
- Hao Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8400-0270)
- Xiao‐Min Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-187X)
- Yun-Feng Huang
Institutions
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences (ES)
- Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical Review Letters
- Published
- 2024-12-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.260602
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.35
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- USTC Center for Micro- and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication
- Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province