Lavender Essential Oil and Its Terpenic Components Negatively Affect Tumor Properties in a Cell Model of Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer in adults, characterized by extensive growth, a high recurrence rate, and resistance to treatment. Growing research interest is focusing on the biological roles of natural compounds due to their potential beneficial effects on health. Our research aimed to investigate the effects of lavender essential oil (LEO) on a GBM cell model. Chemical characterization using GC-MS analysis indicated that LEO contains several terpenes, compounds that have been found to exhibit anticancer properties by interfering with key cancer-related pathways in several cancer models. By means of cell biology assays, we demonstrated that LEO impairs cell proliferation and migration, and also reduces oxidative stress in U87 cells. We further observed that Terpinen-4-ol, contained in LEO, was capable of reproducing the effects of the oil on GBM cells. Our results suggest that the terpenic molecules present in LEO could be considered valuable allies alongside conventional therapies against GBM.