The Impact of Physical Activity on Skin Health and Condition: Physiological Mechanisms and Dermatological Effects

Introduction and purpose: The skin, the largest organ of the human body, plays a crucial role as a protective barrier. Its condition deteriorates with age and under the influence of external factors such as UV radiation, stress, or diet. This review examines the impact of physical activity on skin health, focusing on mechanisms that enhance its function and appearance. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted using medical databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles were retrieved in English using keywords such as “physical activity,” “skin health,” “effects of exercise on skin,” “anti-aging effects of physical activity,” and “antioxidant properties of exercise” in various configurations. Description of the state of knowledge: Regular physical activity positively affects skin health by improving microcirculation, stimulating collagen synthesis, hydrating the stratum corneum, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Exercise also supports the skin barrier function and may alleviate the course of dermatological conditions such as psoriasis or atopic dermatitis. Additionally, physical activity improves sleep quality and mental well-being, which indirectly benefits skin health. The potential of facial exercises to enhance aesthetics is also noted, though their effectiveness requires further research. Despite numerous benefits, some forms of activity, such as swimming, may negatively affect the skin barrier due to exposure to irritating chemical substances. Conclusion: In summary, physical activity has a multidimensional impact on skin health, supporting its protective functions, appearance, and anti-aging properties. However, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms and efficacy of specific types of exercise.