Resilience-Oriented Optimal Allocation of Splitting Devices for Intentional Controlled Islanding Considering Frequency Stability Constraints and Demand Response

As the last line of power system defense, intentional controlled islanding (ICI) plays an important role in system security and stability. This paper proposes a resilience-oriented approach for the optimal allocation of splitting devices considering frequency stability and demand response against extreme events. The objective of the proposed planning model is to minimize the investment cost of splitting devices, load shedding cost and over generation cost. Based on island connectivity and system operation constraints, frequency stability constraints such as rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and frequency nadir/overshoot are utilized to ensure frequency stability of formed islands. Furthermore, primary frequency response (PFR) reserve of generators is modeled to avoid unnecessary load shedding, while demand response is utilized to effectively reduce power shortage of islands after splitting to enhance system frequency stability. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model which could be readily solved by commercial solver. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using the New England 39-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems.