A Simple and Efficient Method for Hybrid AOA and DTD Localization With Unknown Transmitter Location

Recently, joint target and transmitter localization using differential time-delay (DTD) and angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements has attracted researchers' interest. Due to the fact that three Euclidean norms exist in the DTD equation, the DTD equation is difficult to tackle directly. In this paper, we divide the joint localization problem into three subproblems, respectively, the AOA-only localization problem, the hybrid AOA and time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization problem, and the hybrid AOA and time-delay (TD) localization problem with known transmitter location. Then, a two-stage algorithm is developed. In the first stage, solving the AOA-only localization problem provides initial estimates. In the second stage, alternatively and iteratively solving the problem of hybrid AOA and TDOA localization and the problem of hybrid AOA and TD localization provide the improved solutions. Simulation results validate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the existing constrained weighted least-squares (CWLS) algorithm when AOA noise variance is not sufficiently small. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Index Term</i>-Angle-of-arrival (AOA), differential time-delay (DTD), time-delay (TD), time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA), elliptic localization.