Análisis comparativo de las respuestas estatales de tres países a la crisis financiera internacional, 2008-2012

This paper analyses the economic trajectories of Argentina, Spain, and the United States during the period 2008-2012 in the context of the global financial crisis and their policy responses, focusing on key economic and social variables such as GDP, unemployment, inflation, labour market, public spending, and external sector. The study concludes that Argentina experienced a rapid recovery due to the implementation of countercyclical policies, but later faced stagnation due to external vulnerabilities. Spain worsened the recession, particularly labour indicators, within a framework of austerity policies. Lastly, the United States implemented countercyclical policies with a slower but more prolonged recovery. This comparative study highlights the importance of calibrating fiscal and monetary policies to mitigate recessive exogenous shocks.