Desigh of Implantable Planar Monopole Antenna for 400 MHz 16-QAM Transmitter

This paper proposed a new compact implantable partially curved monopole antenna with a bandwidth covering 400-450 MHz. The transmitter’s titanium metal case is used as the reference ground. The antenna features a gain of −26.2 dBi, a bandwidth of $360-480 \mathrm{MHz}$, and a small volume of 11.4 $\mathbf{m m}^{3}$. Part of the proposed monopole antenna is shaped into a folded curved-line structure to increase the electrical length of the antenna without increasing its size. The proposed antenna is used for a 400 MHz 16-QAM transmitter designed for biomedical applications.