Electric Bill Comparison of Customers with Roof-Top PV Under Different Electricity Rates

Electric utility companies often provide their clients with a number of variable rate options to choose from in addition to the standard fixed rate. This article compares the annual electricity bill of a local residential customer with a roof-top PV system under five rate options that are currently available: fixed rate, time-of-use (TOU), critical peak pricing (CPP), daily demand pricing (DDP), and bundled TOU+CPP+DDP rate. The calculated bills are based on actual measurements, accumulated in 5-miniute intervals, of house energy consumption, PV generation, energy supplied by the grid and exported to the grid. Potential bill reduction by shifting energy consumption with the aid of a storage system under is also analyzed.