Probabilistic Energy Management of Multi-Microgrid Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage System

The emergence of the Multi-Microgrid (MMG) concept can be attributed to the increased interaction between Microgrids (MGs). To tackle the intermittency of renewable energy resources (RES) and enhance the dependability and stability of the system, Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) play a crucial role. This paper focuses on solving the energy management (EM) problem of MMGs using various optimization algorithms. The objectives of the EM system (EMS) are to minimize costs and maximize benefits by incorporating demand response (DR). To determine the most effective algorithm for solving the EM problem, a comparison is made between different recently developed and well-known algorithms. Furthermore, an economic evaluation is conducted to assess the integration of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems (HESS). Additionally, the uncertain nature of MMG resources is taken into account using the point estimation method (PEM) technique.