Spatial Configuration and Sustainable Conservation of Ecotourism Resources in the Dabie Mountains, Eastern China, Using an Ecosystem Services Model

Given the growing interest in sustainable tourism and the need to preserve ecological integrity, understanding how tourism resource development can coexist with biodiversity conservation is crucial, especially in ecologically sensitive regions. The Dabie Mountain region, with its rich biodiversity and cultural heritage, is a prime area for exploring the balance between tourism and environmental protection. Our study examined the spatial configuration of ecotourism resources in the Dabie Mountains, focusing on the role of ecosystem services, biodiversity hotspots, and traditional villages. Using the InVEST model, kernel density analysis, and a geographic detector, we found that the study area primarily consisted of lower-habitat-quality regions. Approximately 48,914.05 km2 (96.82% of the total area) was classified as low-quality habitat, presenting potential risks to biodiversity and ecosystem services in these regions. Higher habitat quality was observed in the eastern and southern regions, particularly in Yue Xi County, which exhibited superior biodiversity and habitat conditions compared to other administrative areas. Class V habitats, covering 39.89 km2 (31.69% of Class V area), were located in areas with greater terrain relief and proximity to water bodies, which contribute to higher biodiversity. This study identified a potential ecotourism development space of 649.79 km2, with a spatial distribution aligned with natural landscape features that support biodiversity conservation. Yue Xi and Jinzhai together accounted for 49.84% of the total ecotourism development space. Our study emphasizes the need to balance biodiversity conservation with tourism development, ensuring that ecotourism goals are met while preserving ecological integrity and cultural heritage. These findings provide a strong foundation for future research on biodiversity conservation in tourism development and offer insights for achieving sustainable ecological management in the region.