Metabolic profile and adipokines in cardio-reno metabolic syndrome stages 1 and 2 in young people

Objective: to compare metabolic parameters and adipokine levels in cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRMS) stages 1 and 2 in young individuals aged 25–44 years. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study based on a prospective cohort study included 120 people aged 25–44 years: group 1 (controls) — young individuals without cardiometabolic risk factors, stage 0 (n=40), group 2 — young individuals with CMS stage 1 (n=40), group 3 — young individuals with CMS stage 2 (n=40). Results: the most significant differences in the groups with stage 1 and 2 CRMS were observed for HOMA-IR index, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid in comparison with the control group. The most common cardiometabolic risk factors in the group with stage 2 CRMS were overweight/obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, hyperuricemia, and a burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases. The serum concentration of leptin was highest in women with stage 1 and 2 CRMS, whereas the serum concentration of adiponectin was lower in all individuals with stage 1 and 2 CRMS than in the control group, with no gender differences. Conclusion: modern approaches to the stages of CRMS contribute to the integration of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders as components of a single pathophysiological process. They also allow a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of the likelihood of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measuring serum cytokine levels can serve as an effective tool for assessing overall cardiometabolic risk and predicting the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.