Data-Driven Optimization for Low-Carbon Prefabricated Components Production Based on Ant Colony Algorithms

The global industries are progressively transitioning towards low-carbon development; however, construction remains a significant contributor to energy consumption and carbon emissions. In promoting industrialized construction, the use of prefabricated buildings emerges as a crucial strategy for achieving environmental sustainability. This study initially examines the development and current status of prefabricated concrete component factories in Fujian Province, focusing on regional distribution and production conditions. It also gathers data on carbon emissions, time, and costs to formulate a multi-objective optimization model. Utilizing ant colony algorithms, the model aims to minimize costs while adhering to low-carbon principles and fostering the sustainable development of prefabricated buildings. The optimization results for slabs indicate a minimum production cost of RMB 5.7023 million, with associated carbon emissions of 1154.85 tons. Notably, a cost variation of RMB 10,000 can lead to a maximum difference of 50 tons in carbon emissions, emphasizing the importance of cost minimization as a primary objective. In comparison to conventional production, the optimization of collaborative production demonstrates reductions in both costs and carbon emissions. Furthermore, when focusing on normal and rush modes, costs can be reduced by over 20%, resulting in a potential decrease of up to 50% in carbon emissions. Consequently, effectively mitigating carbon emissions in component production is essential for enhancing the sustainability of the construction industry.