Analysis of contributing factors to immunization errors in Brazil: an integrative review

Introduction: Surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1991 and, in Brazil, it was structured by the National Immunization Program (PNI) in 1992, consolidating with the Information System for Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization (SIEAPV) in 2000. However, the reporting of immunization errors (IE) was only fully incorporated in 2014. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze contributing factors to the occurrence of immunization errors reported in Brazil. Method: This is an integrative review, in which a search was carried out in the BVS and SCIELO databases using the descriptors “Medication errors”, “Vaccination” and “Immunization” (combined using the Boolean operators AND and OR). The articles were selected according to PRISMA, ensuring methodological rigor and transparency in the synthesis of the data obtained. Results: Of the 69 studies initially identified, 10 met the final criteria and were included in the review. The results showed that most errors are related to the administration of vaccines at non-recommended ages and inadequate intervals between doses. Factors such as lack of training of professionals, complexity of vaccination schedules, and inadequate environmental conditions (such as noise and physical space) were frequently cited as causes of errors. Conclusion: Thus, strengthening vaccine safety practices and promoting a culture of transparency are essential to reduce immunization errors, protect public health and maintain public confidence in the immunization system.