Challenges and strategies for sustainable and resilient immunization systems in sub-Saharan Africa: A comprehensive scoping review

The review highlights challenges impeding vaccine access and uptake, casting concerns on the sustainability and resilience of immunization programs in sub-Saharan Africa. While improvement strategies have been employed, very few were based on human-centered design approaches for decision support. Employing systems thinking is recommended to reveal dynamic mechanisms and to design strategies for the long-term viability of immunization efforts.