Studying the restoration dynamics of natural ecosystems disturbed by the development of geo-resources based on satellite observations

Factors of the restoration dynamics for natural ecosystems disturbed during the development of geo-resources were identified within the framework of the eco-investment approach to support decision-making on greening the mining operations in Arctic conditions. A methodological approach to study the restoration dynamics of the natural ecosystems disturbed during the development of georesources was developed based on medium-resolution satellite images. It uses a fuzzy neural network model of the relationship between the restoration factors based on the monitoring data for a phytocenosis formed over an artificial gramineous phytocenosis on the enclosing dam of an active tailings dump of ores processing facilities at the Khibiny group of deposits, for the period from 2000 to 2023. An algorithm was developed for a four-fold improvement in the spatial resolution of remote sensing of the surface temperature at the monitored sites based on the MODIS thermal satellite images by reverse calculation of the brightness temperature with account for the difference in the emissivity of their surface due to the vegetation cover, and minimizing the discrepancy between the observed and predicted values of the temperature field. It was found that the determining restoration factors are the minimum land surface temperature and water availability. A spatial distribution of the restoration trends has been identified in the natural ecosystems as well as the priority of the plant moisture stress index.