Water-energy-food nexus and its stochastic dynamics: case study Greece

The water-energy-food nexus is the foundation for the survival of societies and a vital element of culture. In this work, we examine how the nexus entered the public discourse and what its origins are for the area of Greece. Then, we present the common tools through which we study the dynamics of the nexus. We observe that while studies dealing with the nexus use averages and expected yields of production, introducing the stochastic dynamics of water into a 1000-year model results in many instances of failure. Analyzing the stochastic behavior of the water-energy-food nexus, we shed light on its dynamic nature and provide insights into potential vulnerabilities and opportunities for intervention. We infer that the operation of the nexus is not predictable and that broad cooperation is required, such as global trade which ensures the abundance of energy sources, (oil, fertilizers and energy sources for water pumping) in order to minimize potential failures which are observed over time.