Descriptive Study of Gastroduodenal Lesions in the Internal Medicine Department of Point G University Hospital

Introduction: The practice of biopsies during digestive endoscopy is a multi-daily procedure in gastroenterology and gives this endoscopic examination a dual objective, first macroscopic by the description of the lesions and their architecture and then by taking samples for analysis histopathological. The study aimed to determine macroscopic and histological lesions in gastric and duodenal biopsies. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study over 12 months from June 15, 2021, to June 15, 2022, in patients who had undergone esophagus -gastro-duodenal fibroscopy (FOGD) with biopsy. Result: The study included 165/378 patients who underwent an anatomopathological examination with a search for H. pylori after gastric biopsy, a frequency of 43.65%. Of these, 133/165 or 80.61% had H pylori in their samples. The sex ratio was 0.87. The mean age was 47.5 years ± 14.81 years. Among the clinical information that motivated the performance of the FOGD, epigastralgia predominated with 80.0%. The endoscopic lesion topography was gastric in 90.3%. The type of lesion was erythematous and erosive gastritis in 43.03%. The histological appearance of the lesion was chronic gastritis in 86.66% followed by gastric tumor in 11.5%. Among these gastric tumors, 77.78% were adenocarcinomas. The more H pylori was present, the more patients had a risk of having chronic gastritis (p = 0.005 with a RR = 12.33) CI [5.16-29.46]. Conclusion: It appears from our study that H. pylori infection was associated with all gastroduodenal pathologies with a higher frequency in benign ulcers at 92.9% and in chronic gastritis at 89.51% which was the most encountered histological aspect; Gastric adenocarcinoma, which constitutes a public health problem in Mali was also strongly associated with H. pylori at 80.0%.