E-learning and artificial intelligence as key factors in the digital transformation of higher education: challenges, opportunities and development prospects

The article examines the role of e-learning and artificial intelligence in the digital transformation of higher education, addressing the contemporary challenges and demands of the digital society. In the context of globalization and rapid technological progress, educational institutions are obliged not only to transfer knowledge, but also to form students' flexibility and ability to adapt to dynamic conditions. The authors note that the digital transformation of education provides increased accessibility, flexibility and inclusiveness of the educational process, opening up new opportunities for individualization of learning. E-learning is considered as a tool that contributes to the formation of important skills and knowledge through online courses, interactive modules, virtual laboratories and other means that provide flexible access to educational materials and support for the individual pace of information assimilation. In addition, the article highlights the impact of artificial intelligence on changing educational approaches, emphasizing its importance in creating adaptive learning systems that adapt to the knowledge, needs and interests of each student, contributing to increasing motivation for learning and facilitating the assimilation of the material. Particular attention is paid to the challenges that teachers and students face in the process of digitalization of education. The use of the latest technologies not only simplifies routine tasks, but also requires the development of new skills in teachers. It is emphasized that teachers must rethink their role in the educational process and develop the ability to work with digital tools, as their role changes from a traditional source of knowledge to a mentor or facilitator who helps students effectively interact with technology. In addition to the opportunities, the article analyzes the risks associated with the digitalization of education, such as data privacy, ethical issues, as well as the psychological aspects of the impact of technology on students. The authors emphasize the need for further scientific research in the field of digital transformation of education, in particular in the aspects of personalization, reducing cognitive load and ensuring equal access to educational resources. The proposed prospects for scientific research include the development of recommendations for educational institutions on the effective implementation of e-learning and artificial intelligence, taking into account ethical and pedagogical aspects.