Diagnostics of squeals passing through the obninsk’s high-altitude instrumental tower in2014–2023

Due to their local, sudden nature, which complicates the forecast, squalls often cause significant material damage and are classified as extreme weather events. Squall diagnostics and increasing the accuracy of modeling to improve their operational forecasting is of high relevance. Determining the main characteristics of squalls by diagnosing particular cases and analyzing such cases is of great interest in order to establish the causes of extreme events, which are still insufficiently studied. The source of obtaining primary information on the characteristics of squalls is the processing of a large array of observational data from a high-altitude meteorological mast (HMM) of the Institute of Experimental Meteorology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NPO Typhoon, presented in this article for 2014–2023. Such experimental data on a number of long-term observations on the VMM made it possible, after processing and analyzing the velocity fields, to fix intense squalls passing through the polygon. The main characteristics of these special cases of squalls were obtained and analyzed, some of which were simultaneously simulated using the non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model WRF-ARW, adapted for the observation area, and verification was also carried out with data from field experiments. A good agreement between the model results and observational data for the particular case of squalls is shown.