Cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis jirovecii co-infection pneumonia as an initial presentation of HIV infection

It has been reported that patients with an immunocompromised status, particularly HIV-infected individuals, are at risk of opportunistic infections. We present the case of a CMV and PJ co-infection in a 41-year-old man with pneumonia who had never been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. This report highlights CMV/PJ causing pneumonia as an initial manifestation of HIV infection. It underscores that such pulmonary co-infection should be part of the routine investigation of acute respiratory complications in newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons whose clinical manifestations do not resolve in response to treatment of common respiratory bacterial and viral infections.