TIME ANALYSIS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF MAXIMUM AIR TEMPERATURES IN SLOVAKIA

In the article, the authors tried to point out the temporal and spatial variability of the occurrence of extremes of maximum air temperature.Both the size and the occurrence (time) of the extreme can be found both in tabular and pictorial form as well.For this purpose, 15 meteorological stations with uninterrupted observation since their creation were selected. This selection of stations was designed to represent the territory of Slovakia spatially. The occurrence of the maximum and its equivalent in absolute value were expressed. It is clear from the pictures that extremes are more often beaten nowadays. Nevertheless, there are also older values on individual days, when the absolute maximums remain unbeaten (e.g. in Hurbanovo dating back to the last century). It must be noted that the extreme on a given day may not correspond to a significantly high value in the context of current extremes. It is simply the value, which was the highest one for the given day (at the given station and in the given month). Furthermore, the authors pointed out the fact that there may also be a case where records are beaten (equaled) several days in a row. In the summer, it may (but does not have to) be a sign of a heat wave (it has its own criteria). The authors are aware that not all weather stations have the same start of observations. In some cases, this can erase the same features (temporal and spatial), but on the other hand, it shows us that even in earlier periods there were either more significant total number of days in a month or more significant series of consecutive days of continuous beating records or equalling them. The authors also pointed out the connection between the occurrence of an extremes (especially repeated extremes) and the synoptic weather situation. From the point of view of the number of beaten records, the authors determined the years for individual months when their occurrence was the most frequent, including multiple occurrence. On the contrary, it is possible to find out in a given month the frequency of beating the extreme or equalling it on individual days. Similarly there were determined specified numbers and maximums for individual days of a given month, specifying the year of occurrence. The authors understand this article as a review of the current state. The authors also know that the number of extremes has been increasing (due to the increase of air temperature and extreme weather, including drought) and the history is gradually being rewritten. Nevertheless, this article and its authors made a probe into the history of measurements and observations and made an overview of significant years, months, days that are waiting to be beaten in terms of maximum air temperature. V lnku sa autori snaili poukza na asov aj priestorov premenlivos vskytu extrmov maximlnej teploty vzduchu. V tabukovej, ale aj obrzkovej podobe je mon dohada tak vekos ako aj vskyt (asov) extrmu. K tomu bolo vybratch 15 meteorologickch stanc s nepreruenm pozorovanm od ich vzniku. Tento vber stanc bol navrhnut tak, aby priestorovo reprezentoval zemie Slovenska. Bol vyjadren vskyt maxima a jeho dorovnanie v absoltnej hodnote. Extrmy s astejie prekonvan v sasnosti. Napriek tomu existuj aj dvnejie hodnoty v jednotlivch doch, kedy absoltne maxim ostvaj neprekonan (napr. v Hurbanove siahajce do minulho storoia). Poznamenajme, e extrm na dan de nemus odpoveda vznamne vysokej hodnote v kontexte sasnch extrmov. Ide jednoducho o hodnotu