Cell Secretome from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration

Review Cell Secretome from Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Regeneration Bin Chen 1,†, Lili Li 1,†, Xiaoxin Zhang 2, Qing Liu 1, Yin Xiao 3,* and Fuhua Yan 1,* 1 Department of Periodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China 2 Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China 3 School of Medicine and Dentistry & Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.X.); [email protected] (F.Y.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 6 November 2024; Revised: 12 December 2024; Accepted: 16 December 2024; Published: 23 December 2024 Abstract: Periodontitis affects approximately 50% of the global adult population and results in varying degrees of periodontal destruction. The regeneration of periodontal tissue is in great demand but is currently difficult to achieve. The cell secretome from mesenchymal stem cells (CSmsc) has shown promise in promoting periodontal regeneration and is a translational alternative for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy. The practical components of CSmsc are soluble secretions and extracellular vesicles. The mechanisms of CSmsc-induced tissue regeneration may lie in its regulation of the local microenvironment, modulating immune cells such as macrophages and stimulating local host MSCs, a cell population with a direct effect on tissue regeneration. Therefore, CSmsc has been suggested as a promising cell-based product for future periodontal regenerative therapy. Hence, more studies should be conducted to analyse the effective components of the MSC secretome, explore the underlying mechanisms, and obtain functional CSmsc for clinical translation in periodontal regeneration.