Factors of mild and moderate course of COVID-19 in non-immunized persons

Severity of COVID-19 is known to be related to various factors. The aim of the study was to perform comparative analysis of the features associated with mild and moderate course of infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the absence of immunization against a new coronavirus infection, and looking for opportunities of binary classification. We performed the analysis of clinical and laboratory data of 59 medical staff members who had a mild (group No. 1), or moderate (group No. 2) forms of COVID-19. The results were analyzed using STATISTICA and GraphPad Prism programs. We have found that the patients with moderate course of the disease were 12% older, which numerically corresponded to a difference of 5 years (p = 0.019). Males were 1.5 times more likely to have a moderate course of the disease (p = 0.000). A part of respondents used non-specific immunoprophylactic agents. It was found that the intake of cholecalciferol, riamilovir/triazaverin did not affect the severity of disease, and the usage of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b in order to prevent SARS-CoV-2 virus infection was associated with subsequent mild course of COVID-19 (p = 0.000). More severe clinical course of COVID-19 was associated with simultaneous usage of several nonspecific immunoprophylactic agents, in particular, ascorbic acid, zinc compounds, umifenovir hydrochloride monohydrate (p = 0.000). Higher body mass index was also associated with a severe course of the disease (p = 0.034). The analysis showed that the issue of binary classification for the patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 in the absence of vaccination may be resolved (recognition accuracy is 90.9%, p 0.0001). The risk of moderate COVID-19 in non-immunized individuals is influenced by advanced age, gender factor, increased body mass index, presence of hypertension (70% hazard increase), as well as simultaneous use of several non-specific immunoprophylactic agents to prevent infection. Presence of allergic reactions and frequency of seasonal acute respiratory viral infections do not affect the severity of COVID-19. Prophylactic usage of human recombinant IFNa-2b is associated with milder course of infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.