Inflammatory discoveries two years after acute severe COVID-19: a longitudinal biomarker profile assessment in long COVID individuals in the Brazilian Amazon
Although the frequency of long COVID symptoms declines over time after the acute illness, symptoms continue to persist 2 years after hospital discharge. Vaccination with a fourth dose booster appears to significantly influence reduction of symptoms associated with long COVID fatigue among the males. We further identified important laboratory biomarkers for long COVID. Elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF, along with low levels of IL-6, IL-18, and IL-12p70, also offer new insights into the inflammatory state in long COVID.
Authors
- Alex Bezerra da Silva Maciel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-7868)
- Marcus Lacerda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3374-9985)
- Allyson Guimarães Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7312-6822)
- Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-1940)
- Vanderson de Souza Sampaio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-8851)
- Cássia da Luz Goulart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8731-689X)
- Gabriel dos Santos Mouta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5796-9491)
- Arlene dos Santos Pinto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-7730)
- Victor Irungu Mwangi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2618-3816)
- Guilherme Peixoto Tinoco Arêas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7083-8314)
- Fernando Val (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-0249)
- Luís R. Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-3516)
- Aline Kely Vieira Chaves
- Gisely Cardoso de Melo
- Jefferson Valente
- Camila Sato
- Bernardo Maia Silva
Institutions
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (BR)
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical (BR)
- Instituto de Saúde (BR)
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Published
- 2024-12-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1520193
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.85