Development of Flashcard Media Based on Augmented Reality on Dynamic Fluid Material to Train Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students

Based on challenges in physics education, complex and abstract fluid dynamics, improving critical thinking skills is crucial for 21st-century learning. Needs analysis of 59 XI SMA Negeri 2 Plus Banyuasin III students revealed 90% had never used AR-based flashcards and showed high interest. The study aimed to develop valid, practical, and effective augmented reality-based flashcards using Research and Development (R&D) methodology with the Rowntree model and Tessmer formative evaluation. The research process involved planning, development, and evaluation stages. Results demonstrated high validity across components: media (93.33%), material (93.32%), critical thinking skills (96.66%), language (97.77%), and design (100%). Practicality assessments showed 95.18% in one-to-one and 95.73% in small group evaluations. The media effectively enhanced critical thinking skills with an N-Gain of 0.71, indicating high potential for dynamic fluids learning in grade XI. Conclusively, the augmented reality-based flashcards proved valid, practical, and effective for physics education.