Review on Importance of Ectoparasites in Backyard Chicken Production Systems in Rural Ethiopia

Backyard chicken production plays a significant role in rural Ethiopia, contributing to food security and household income. However, indigenous chickens reared under traditional scavenging systems face numerous challenges, with ectoparasite infestations being a major constraint. These ectoparasites, including fleas, lice, ticks, and mites, lead to health issues, reduced productivity, and economic losses. Despite their impact, ectoparasites in Ethiopian backyard poultry systems remain understudied. This review aims to estimate the prevalence of ectoparasites in backyard chicken production and identify the major species affecting poultry in rural Ethiopia. We examine the status of the village chicken production system, explore the challenges faced by poultry farmers, and highlight the role of ectoparasites in reducing productivity. Key ectoparasites such as Echidnophaga gallinacea (flea), Menacanthus stramineus (louse), Argas persicus (tick), and Dermanyssus gallinae (mite) are discussed in terms of their epidemiology, economic impact, and control methods. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to control ectoparasite infestations, improve poultry health, and enhance production systems in rural Ethiopia.