A Rare Case of Primary Chondrosarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review

Breast sarcomas are a diverse group of malignant neoplasms originating from the mammary stroma. They are uncommon tumors, often occurring as a component of other tumors. Among malignant breast mesenchymal tumors, pure sarcomas lacking epithelial components are even rarer, comprising only 0.5% of breast tumors. The most common types include angiosarcomas, liposarcomas, and osteosarcomas. Pure, primary, and de novo chondrosarcomas are exceedingly rare within breast sarcomas, with very few cases reported. Distinguishing them from metaplastic carcinoma and phyllodes tumors with chondromatous areas entails extensive sampling to exclude proliferating ductal elements. Herein, we present a case of primary chondrosarcoma of the breast in a 72-year-old Indian woman. Initial core biopsy suggested a primary chondroid neoplasm or a heterologous component of a phyllodes tumor. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy, and histological examination confirmed chondrosarcoma, grade 1, after thorough sampling.Clinical Relevance: This case emphasizes the necessity of incorporating rare sarcomatous breast tumors into the differential diagnosis for breast masses, especially those with chondroid differentiation. The report also reinforces the pivotal role of accurate histopathological evaluation in guiding appropriate surgical and adjunctive treatment, which can significantly impact prognosis in such rare malignancies.