Spatiotemporal vector optimization algorithm for arbitrary optical multi-beams generation with high energy utilization efficiency

For the application scenario of multi-user, high-bandwidth laser communication in satellite internet, this paper proposes a spatiotemporal vector optimization algorithm to achieve high energy utilization in arbitrary multi-beam generation using a liquid crystal optical phased array antenna. The core components of this method involve optimizing phase offsets and power coefficients through iterative processes to achieve precise beam shaping and efficient energy distribution among multiple beams. This approach overcomes the single-link limitation of traditional laser terminals and resolves challenges such as low radiation efficiency and substantial power loss in multi-beam generation systems utilizing passive phased array antennas. When tasked with generating 90 beams with arbitrary intensity and elevation angles, the proposed method achieved a diffraction efficiency exceeding 80%, a system power loss of less than -1.28 <i>dB</i>, and an average improvement in laser radiation efficiency of 12.33 <i>dB</i>. This approach significantly improves the communication signal-to-noise ratio while potentially reducing the number of satellite network nodes, conserving power, and extending the operational lifespan of satellites within the communication network.