Optimizing radar controlled airspace through ads-b implementation in Algerian aviation: the Northern FIR case

The Algerian Air Navigation Service Provider (ENNA) operates a surveillance network mostly relying on radar systems, leaving gaps in coverage in difficult terrain such as deserts and mountainous areas, thereby restricting traffic surveillance. Algerian airspace is mainly connected to Spanish and French airspace in the north, creating a natural link between Europe and Africa which demonstrates the impact of air traffic.ENNA's operations demand double continuous surveillance coverage of the airspace in northern Algeria characterized by high traffic in order to reinforce existing radar performance,fill coverage gaps and accommodate the growth of air traffic.The Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) system serves as a vital element of CNS/ATM advised by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as the future of air traffic control solutions, offering numerous benefits in safety, cost and performance including large coverage in contrast to conventional surveillance systems, the ADS-B service significantly enhances traffic surveillance capabilities by more quickly updating and sharing accurate aircraft position data derived from satellite navigation, leading to better tracking abilities. These critical factors support the integration of ADS-B into Algerian airspace to address existing coverage deficiencies and traffic surveillance issues, thus leading to improved air traffic surveillance in northern Algeria. For this purpose, we propose an efficient and accurate coverage simulation to determine the best location and number of ADS-B receivers in order to achieve the most adequate ADS-B coverage possible to fully cover the northern Algerian airspace. The coverage of ADS-B can be ensured by comparison with current radar coverage.