Recyclable Fe3O4-decorated attapulgite nano-networks with alternating magnetic field response for continuous pest management and iron fertilizer application

• Alternating magnetic field (AMF)-responsive controlled-release imidacloprid system (ACIS) was developed. • ACIS exhibites a good insecticidal effect on Plutella xylostella . • ACIS has better diffusion ability and higher leaf adhesion efficiency. • ATP-Fe 3 O 4 -PEG can significantly promote plant growth and can be used as a potential iron fertilizer in agricultural production. In this research, we aimed to enhance pesticide utilization efficiency (UE) by constructing an AMF-responsive controlled-release imidacloprid system (ACIS) with magnetic collection capabilities. Imidacloprid (IM) was incorporated into the micro-nano pores of a magnetic nano-carrier, ATP-Fe 3 O 4 -PEG, which was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Subsequently, it was coated with PVP, allowing Fe 3 O 4 to oscillate under a low frequency alternating magnetic field (lf-AMF), thereby controlling the release of pesticides. The magnetism introduced by Fe 3 O 4 endowed ACIS with effective magnetic collection properties. Compared to IM alone, ACIS demonstrated superior spread-ability, enhanced foliar adhesion efficiency, limited migration in soil, and notable controlled release and insecticidal efficacy. Its high biological safety was confirmed, as it showed no adverse effects on soybean seedling growth and ensured a 100% survival rate for zebrafish. Pot experiments revealed that ATP-Fe 3 O 4 -PEG significantly augmented plant growth, suggesting its potential as an iron fertilizer in agricultural settings. Consequently, our findings offer a promising approach to regulate IM release, optimize its utilization, mitigate environmental contamination, and foster the sustainable advancement of modern nano-agriculture.