THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON THE PERCEPTION AND REALITY OF PUBLIC SECURITY

Social capital plays a crucial role in strengthening public security by influencing both the perception and reality of safety within a community. This complex concept, defined by mutual trust, social networks, and norms of reciprocity, facilitates cooperation between citizens and authorities, contributing to crime reduction and enhanced community resilience. In a community with high social capital, the perception of safety is improved through trust in neighbors and law enforcement institutions, encouraging citizens to engage actively in community life and collaborate in risk prevention. Local social networks, whether offline or online, play an important role in sharing relevant information, discouraging antisocial behavior, and mobilizing resources in emergencies. However, the perception of safety, often influenced by media and social networks, can amplify fear of insecurity even in the absence of real risks, leading to social isolation and fragmentation. In such situations, transparent communication from authorities and community policing initiatives are essential for restoring trust and a sense of security. Thus, social capital supports both a positive perception of safety and actual security by fostering united, responsible communities capable of managing security risks effectively.