Enhancing ESG Performance through Corporate Governance: Insights from Emerging Markets

This study examines the impact of corporate governance on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, specifically within the energy sectors of leading firms in Bangladesh and India. As these regions are highly vulnerable to environmental challenges, understanding the role of governance in ESG performance becomes crucial for sustainable energy economics. Using data from the top 50 listed firms across these countries between 2019 and 2021, the research employs content analysis to evaluate ESG disclosure across 26 dimensions, focusing on aspects relevant to energy consumption and management. Findings reveal that corporate governance factors, including board size, presence of independent directors, and female directors, significantly enhance ESG performance. However, the audit committee shows no significant impact. This study emphasizes the importance of robust corporate governance structures in advancing ESG practices in emerging energy markets, offering critical insights for policymakers and corporate managers aiming to improve transparency, accountability, and sustainability in energy-driven economies. The results underscore the need for a comprehensive, region-specific ESG framework to foster sustainable corporate governance across South Asia, particularly within the energy sector.