SOME ASPECTS OF THE PREPARATION AND DEFENSE OF DISSERTATIONS (HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS)

The article analyzes the process of formation of university education, which began in Europe in the XII century in connection with the growth of cities, the development of workshop production and trade and industrial relations. It is noted that universities were created as free corporations, they paid great attention to the teaching of legal sciences. Simultaneously with the formation of universities, a system of defending dissertations for academic degrees is being formed. In Russia the process of formation of university education began later – in the XVIII century. Scientists who were awarded academic degrees, in accordance with the Table of Ranks, had the right to hold certain positions. The process of awarding academic degrees was under state control, which was reflected in decrees, government regulations and university charters. In Imperial Russia, dissertations on legal sciences represented deep scientific research, which has not lost its significance to this day.