Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Early Career Pharmacists Concerning Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and Co-morbid Mental Health Conditions: Predicting Patients Health Outcomes in Nigeria

Background: This study aims to evaluate the understanding, perceptions and practices of early career pharmacists concerning opioid use disorder and its associated mental health outcomes for patients in Nigeria. The research seeks to identify the level of knowledge that these pharmacists possess about opioid-related issues and the mental health challenges that often accompany them. By examining their attitudes and practices, the study intends to uncover potential gaps in education and training that may affect the quality of care provided to patients suffering from these interconnected health conditions. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. We used evidence of licensure and not more than 5 years in practice to identify eligible participants. Information sheets were sent to all potential participants through email. If interested, they signed the consent form and sent the survey online to be completed and returned within 24 hours. Results: Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Out of 514 participants, the majority had accurate knowledge of basic questions as well as a negative attitude regarding how comfortable in providing patient care as well as in monitoring and assessment. 342 (66.5%) respondents and 357 (69.5%) respondents were neutral on the information regarding the percentage of patients that achieve treatment adherence and average patient satisfaction respectively, while (166, 32.3%) (128, 24.9%) reported low/negative treatment adherence and patient satisfaction respectively. Conclusion: By fostering improved knowledge and attitudes among pharmacists, it is possible to mitigate the stigma associated with mental health issues, thereby enhancing treatment adherence and ultimately leading to better health outcomes. The findings show that in as much as the knowledge of these medical conditions is substantial, the negative outcomes persist.