METROLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE INFORMATION-MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC ENERGY ACCOUNTING

The primary features of the government tools used to measure electric energy include the errors that arise during electricity accounting, which is essential for the development of the national economy within an information-sharing system. Issues related to reducing these errors and the associated losses are also addressed. The study analyzes the main characteristics of the measurement devices employed for electric energy accounting. It explores the causes and origins of errors in the measurement channel when developing an information-measurement system. Based on the analysis results, the sources of errors in measurement channels are identified according to the structural schemes of information-measurement systems utilizing various measuring devices (such as voltmeters, ammeters, electric energy meters, and voltage and current transformers). It has been demonstrated that errors in the measurement channel arise not only from the design and operating principles of the measuring instruments and signal processing devices but also due to distortions caused by harmonics in the voltage and current within the electrical network, as well as specific interferences. The primary sources of measurement errors in determining electric energy are mainly related to inaccuracies in measuring voltage, current, and phase shift, along with errors induced by temperature effects on the elements and devices used for these measurements. Although temperature errors may not be immediately apparent, they can contribute to various types of inaccuracies. In this context, the importance of implementing temperature compensation or correction schemes has been emphasized once again. Keywords: phase slip; electrical energy; information and measurement system; indirect measu¬rement; measurement error.