SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION AND NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED WATER PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES

Despite the measures taken in recent years, one of the main reasons for the disruption of the ecological balance of our region is its proximity to countries with somewhat more strained ecosystems. In recent years, the rapid rise of groundwater in Baku city towards the surface should be considered a constant threat to metro stations and their tunnels. Previously, tunnels of the "Academy of Sciences," "Neftchilar," and "Koroglu" metro stations were flooded, and due to long-term oil leakage from the main oil pipelines, both oil and water entered the tunnels. A similar incident occurred in the oil pipelines passing near the Jeyranbatan reservoir. These kinds of events are always under control. Considering that the human body is made up of 80% water, we can imagine how harmful poor-quality water can be to health. Low-quality water not only harms humans but also damages the technical devices they use, such as kettles, dishwashers, and washing machines. It also causes clogging in water pipes. The only way to improve efficiency is to use the achievements of nanotechnology. One of the most promising directions in nanotechnology is associated with carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are structures made only of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes can be imagined as the tubular shape of a single molecular layer of graphite (graphene). Using the properties of nanotubes, they can be applied in water purification. With nanotubes, it is possible to produce drinking water from clouds in areas without water, and even turn seawater into drinkable water. Keywords. Groundwater, Nanotechnology, Heavy metals, Ecological balance, Mineralization, Underground waters