Analysis of Monthly and Annual Air Temperature Trends in Port-Said City, Egypt

This study examined fluctuations in a long-term air temperature record in Port Said to determine the existence or absence of climate change in this significant Egyptian metropolis. The data period runs 31 years, from 1991 to 2021. The study investigated the homogeneity of the annual data and used a linear regression approach to characterize the trend of air temperature variations during the study period. Furthermore, the Mann-Kendall test was used to assess trend significance, as well as anomaly calculations to statistically specify severe air temperature episodes. The results showed that the data were homogeneous. Monthly mean air temperatures increased at varied rates, with an annual increase of +0.04°C/yr at the 99% confidence level. The anomaly was only negative from 1991 to 1997, and it was always positive as of 1998. The extreme air temperature timings were precisely determined. Throughout the investigation, four extreme high and twelve extreme low monthly episodes were identified. The years 2010 (22.7°C) and 1991 (20.5°C) were identified as the only years with extreme high and low mean annual air temperatures. The research findings are regarded as reliable indicators of climate change in Port Said.