Local knowledge on the distribution, exploitation, and threats to Centropyge (Pomacanthidae) species in the Philippines

The Philippines is a top exporter of marine ornamental fish in the world. Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae) are among the most valuable in the marine ornamental fish trade, particularly the species of Centropyge. Assessment of their conservation status is vital to regulate harvesting, prevent extinction, and sustain the ornamental industry. Critical information for their assessment is limited. Thus, this study used local knowledge to determine the distribution, exploitation, and threats to Centropyge bispinosa, C. heraldi, and C. bicolor. A total of 157 ornamental fish divers, 8 exporters, and 18 middlemen were interviewed from 12 municipalities covering eight provinces identified as major producers of marine ornamental fish in the Philippines. Results indicate a wide distribution of these species in the Philippines. These species were utilized for aquarium trading only. Zambales fisherfolk has the highest catch number for all three Centropyge species, with an average weekly catch of 72 pieces of C. bispinosa, 60 pieces of C. heraldi, and 36 species of C. bicolor. Their conservation status is Least Concern based on 2009-2010 IUCN assessments which are outdated. Illegal fishing, water pollution, natural disasters, and crown-of-thorns starfish infestation could drive them toward the threatened category. Information from this study will be used to re-assess the current conservation status using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. The result of this study will provide crucial information for advancing the conservation of marine biodiversity, sustainable management resources, and evidence-based policy formulation.