Insights of nano-NPK foliar application on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize (Zea mays L.), a nutrient-demanding crop, faces significant challenges when conventional fertilizers are applied excessively, leading to adverse effects such as soil degradation, nutrient leaching and environmental eutrophication. In response to the growing need for sustainable agricultural practices, innovative fertilization techniques and nano-fertilizers have emerged as viable solutions. The present study, conducted during the rabi season (2024) using a randomized block design with 8 treatments and 3 replications to investigate the impact of IFFCO Nano-NPK (8-8-8) foliar fertilizer on maize growth and yield. The study assessed the effectiveness of nano NPK through growth, yield and nutrient uptake measurements. Results indicated that applying a 100% recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (RDF) and two foliar sprays of 1% nano-NPK at critical growth stages (V6-V8 and V11-V12), significantly improved plant growth and yield attributes. Notably, this performance was statistically at par with 75% RDF with two foliar sprays of 1% nano-NPK. These findings suggest that nano-NPK foliar applications can reduce traditional fertilizer use by 25% while maintaining optimal growth, yield and nutrient uptake. Thus, nano-NPK application offers a sustainable pathway for maize production, enhancing nutrient efficiency and reducing fertilizer inputs.