Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Heavy Metals in the Kollidam River: Implications for Water Quality and Aquatic Health

Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a growing global concern, especially given the severe health and environmental risks posed by these contaminants of Rivers, as crucial water resources, are highly susceptible to heavy metal contamination from both natural sources and anthropogenic activities, including industrial and agricultural runoff. The Kollidam River in Tamil Nadu, India, which supports agriculture, drinking water, and diverse aquatic life, faces mounting pollution pressures due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, leading to the accumulation of metals like copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe). These metals can persist in river ecosystems and bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, impacting the food web and consequently human health. This study utilizes Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to quantitatively assess the concentration of Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe in Kollidam River water, with a focus on understanding the ecological risks posed by these metals. Findings from this study provide critical insights into pollution sources seasonal variations and the potential health risks associated with heavy metal contamination.