Unmasking Atrial Fibrillation: The Hidden Cardiac Risk in Traumatic Brain Injury

Background: Traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) often triggers a systemic inflammatory response and arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most frequent arrhythmia, is linked with systemic inflammation, increasing cardiovascular mortality risk twofold. Methods: This study explores the link between traumatic ICH and AF through a case study of a 70-year-old female with traumatic brain injury (TBI) leading to AF. Comprehensive clinical assessments, imaging, and laboratory tests were conducted to understand the relationship between TBI, ICH, and AF. Results: The patient showed altered sensorium and irregular heart rhythm post-trauma. Imaging identified a subdural hematoma with mass effect and midline shift, along with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Initial ECG indicated AF with rapid ventricular response. Treatment with IV anti-arrhythmics and osmotic diuretics stabilized heart rhythm and reduced intracranial pressure (ICP). A subsequent ECG showed a return to normal sinus rhythm. Conclusions: Findings suggest traumatic ICH significantly raises AF risk, likely due to systemic inflammation and elevated ICP. This underscores the necessity of vigilant cardiac monitoring in TBI patients. Further research should clarify the mechanisms connecting TBI, ICH, and AF to develop effective management strategies. KEY WORDS: Intracranial hemorrhage(ICH), Atrial Fibrillation(AF), Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI),Intracranial Pressure(ICP),Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH).