A bibliometric analytical study of research on the immune system and the stress of sports training

The study aims to identify the research that dealt with the immune system and the and sports stress of sports training and provide an overview of excessive training load and its effect on the immune system of athletes, as well as providing the best ways to intervene to prevent the negative consequences of excessive training load and means of strengthening the immune system. The researchers used the descriptive approach for studies that dealt with the immune system and sports training pressures. The number of studies that were referred to in the period from 2010 to 2023 AD was (82) studies. From the analysis of the studies, the researchers concluded that the most important research trends in this regard are that excessively increasing training loads leads to weakness and a decrease in the immune response and provides an opportunity for disease infection. The unregulated increase in loads is also associated with an increase in free oxygen radicals, which leads to damage not only to muscle cells and energy stores, but also to the response and activity of immune cells. In addition to the positive effect of moderate-load and gradual physical exercises with appropriate rest periods, they improve immunity, increase the ability of the body's systems to confront pathogens, and increase the efficiency of immune cells that work to repair cells. The affected during resistance exercises, which increases their ability to perform. Researchers also recommend the need to pay attention to the specificity of training loads and also rest periods, whether between daily training units and within them, between training days, between small and large training sessions, and between competition and match days, and to pay attention to the recovery process, in addition to regulating sleep, diet, nutritional supplements, rest periods during sports practice, environmental, physical and psychological pressures, motor activity, genetic factors, and healthy lifestyle.