Design, Synthesis, Molecular docking and Biological Evaluation of Novel Leucine Derived Sulfamoyl Pentanamides as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents

The preponderance of microbial and oxidative stress-mediated diseases is quite alarming. The need for novel drug development is highlighted by the fact that antimicrobial resistance is rising and many current antioxidant drugs only provide little symptomatic alleviation. The aim of this work was to synthesize leucine derived sulfamoyl pentanamides with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. New leucine-based sulfamoyl pentanamides were synthesized and elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FTIR were used to elucidate their structures. They underwent molecular docking investigations as well as in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity analyses. Compound 5a (0.60 gm/ml) was the most active compound against Pseudomonas aeroginosa, whereas compound 5f (0.30-0.40 mg/ml) was the most effective antibacterial agent against E. Coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. The compounds with the best antifungal activity against C. albican and A. niger, respectively, were 5g (0.80 mg/ml) and 5e (0.50 mg/ml). In the in vitro antioxidant assessment, compounds 5g (1.174µg/ml) and 5h (1.172µg/ml) exhibited similar antioxidant activity to ascorbic acid (IC50 1.001µglml). In addition, most of the target compounds have relatively strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant potentials, according to molecular docking study. Since every target compound complied with Lipinski's rule of five, it is likely that they might be used as therapeutic candidates to treat oxidative stress-related illnesses and microbial infections.