Canine Rabies Outbreak and its Public Health Implications in Ksour Municipality, Northeastern Algeria: A Case Study

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease typically transmitted through animal bites. It affects all mammals, domestic and wild, as well as humans. The primary cause of the disease is the multiplication of a neurotropic rhabdovirus in the central nervous system, which almost always leads to fatal encephalomyelitis. This study aimed to describe a canine rabies outbreak in Ksour Municipality, province of Bordj Bou Arreridj (Algeria), and its impact on public health. The epidemiological investigation revealed that a stray local dog breed had bitten multiple people and domestic animals. Seven people, 5-76 years old, were bitten. However, children under 15 years old accounted for 28.57% of the cases. Males were the most commonly bitten (85.71%). All victims sustained severe category III injuries, predominantly located on the upper extremities (85.71%). Seven domestic animals were bitten, including six dogs and one donkey. The direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) and the mouse inoculation test (MIT) were both positive when applied and tested. The injured people received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with rabies immunoglobulin and vaccination. Rabies remains endemic in the study area, with stray dogs acting as the primary transmission vectors through bites. A multidisciplinary approach involving collaboration among the national veterinary authority, human health services, political authorities, and local communities has been proven effective in rabies control.