Non-Invasive Assessment of Microplastic Contamination in the Avian Biodiversity of Gharana Wetland, Jammu and Kashmir

Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental concern with potential impacts on ecosystems and wildlife. This study aimed to investigate the presence of microplastics in the avian fauna of the Gharana Wetland, employing a non-invasive monitoring approach through the analysis of bird droppings (scat). Gharana (meaning welcome home) wetland is a protected site under J&K Wildlife Protection Act, 1978. Gharana Wetland Conservation Reserve (GWCR) is recognized as “Important Bird Area” by Birdlife International, UK and Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS). It is an essential habitat for numerous avian species which are native as well as migratory one. Scat samples were collected of various avian species inhabiting the Gharana Wetland, representing diverse trophic levels within the ecosystem. Microplastic extraction and analysis were conducted using established protocols involving digestion, filtration and microscopic examination. Preliminary results revealed the presence of microplastics scat of multiple avian species which was further confirmed by using FTIR technique for chemical analysis of particles. The types microplastics varied among the avian samples, suggesting diverse sources and routes of ingestion. Commonly identified microplastics included fragments, fibers and microbeads. The prevalence of microplastics in avian scat raises concerns about the potential ecological impacts on both individual birds and the broader wetland ecosystem. This work highlights the use of scat analysis as a non-invasive tool for monitoring microplastic pollution in bird populations, which is critical for conservation efforts. It emphasizes the importance of reducing microplastic contamination in freshwater environments and encourages more investigation into the long-term consequences on bird health and potential food chain transmission. Proactive efforts are required to mitigate environmental consequences.