CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS: CYBERSECURITY THREATS, ATTACK ANALYSIS AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION METHODS

This paper examines cyber-physical systems as key elements of critical infrastructure that integrate physical and cyber components. One of the objectives of the study was to identify current issues in the field of Cyber- Physical Systems. These systems are widely used in industries such as energy, transportation, healthcare, and manufacturing, highlighting their importance for the functioning of modern society. The paper analyzes cyber-attacks on cyber-physical systems over the past 10 years, revealing an increase in attacks on critical assets such as power grids and water supply systems. The types of attacks, including malware, SQL injection, MITM, spoofing, and DDoS, are discussed, and protective measures such as the use of antivirus software, network segmentation, data encryption, and multi-factor authentication are proposed. The findings highlight the need to strengthen the cybersecurity of cyber- physical systems to protect critical infrastructure and prevent serious consequences for society and the economy.