Disparities in quality of life by race, gender, and sexual orientation: An intersectional analysis of population-representative data in Gauteng, South Africa

Despite progress since apartheid, substantial QoL disparities persist in Gauteng, primarily along racial lines, particularly in access to services and socio-economic opportunities. The intersectionality of race, gender, and sexual orientation creates distinct vulnerabilities, particularly for Black sexual minority women. These findings suggest that current policies aimed at improving equity may be insufficient. Addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that considers the complex interplay of race, gender, and sexual orientation in shaping QoL.